Python for Absolute Beginners: Learn Python from Scratch

Module 1: Getting Started with Python

Lesson 1.1: What is Python & Why Learn It?

Python is a powerful, versatile programming language that's perfect for beginners. Created by Guido van Rossum in 1991, Python emphasizes code readability and simplicity making it an excellent choice for your first programming language.

Why Python is Perfect for Beginners:

1. Simple and Readable Syntax: Python code reads almost like English

2. Versatile Applications: Used in web development, data science, AI, automation and more

3. Large Community Support: Millions of developers worldwide use Python

4. Career Opportunities: High demand for Python developers across industries

5. Free and Open Source: No cost to get started

Real-World Examples of Python Usage:

• Instagram: Backend services handling millions of users

• Netflix: Recommendation algorithms and data analysis

• Spotify: Music recommendation and data processing

• Dropbox: File synchronization and storage systems

• NASA: Space exploration and scientific computing

Lesson 1.2: Installing Python & Setting Up Environment

Step-by-Step Installation Guide:

For Windows:

1. Visit python.org and download Python 3.12 or later

2. Run the installer and check "Add Python to PATH"

3. Verify installation by opening Command Prompt and typing python --version

For Mac:

1. Download Python from python.org or use Homebrew: brew install python

2. Verify with Terminal: python3 --version

For Linux:

1. Most distributions include Python: python3 --version

2. If not installed: sudo apt-get install python3

Setting Up Your Development Environment:

Option 1: IDLE (Beginner-Friendly)

• Comes pre-installed with Python

• Simple interface perfect for learning

• Built-in help system

Option 2: Visual Studio Code (Recommended)

• Free, powerful code editor

• Excellent Python support with extensions

• Debugging capabilities

Option 3: PyCharm Community Edition

• Full-featured Python IDE

• Great for larger projects

• Advanced debugging and testing tools

Lesson 1.3: Your First Python Program

Let's write our first Python program! This traditional "Hello, World!" program is where every programmer begins

# Your very first Python program

print("Hello, World!")

print("Welcome to Python programming!")

print("Today is a great day to learn coding!")

# You can also do simple calculations

print(5 + 3)

print("The answer is:", 10 * 4)

What this code does:

• The print() function displays text and numbers on the screen

• Text (strings) must be enclosed in quotes

• Python can perform mathematical calculations

• Each line executes from top to bottom

Exercise: Modify the program to print your name and a personal message about why you want to learn Python.

Lesson 1.4: Understanding Python Syntax

Python syntax refers to the rules that define how Python code is structured. Understanding these rules is crucial for writing correct Python programs.

Key Syntax Rules:

1. Indentation Matters: Python uses indentation (spaces) to define code blocks

2. Case Sensitive: Name and name are different variables

3. Comments: Use # for single-line comments

4. Line Continuation: Long lines can be split using backslash \

Example of Proper Python Syntax:

# This is a comment

name = "Python Learner" # Variable assignment

if name: # Conditional statement

print("Hello,", name) # Indented code block

print("Welcome to programming!")

Module 2: Python Fundamentals

Lesson 2.1: Variables & Data Types

Variables are containers that store data values. In Python, you don't need to declare the type of variable explicitly Python figures it out automatically

Creating Variables:

# String variables

name = "John Doe"

city = "New York"

print("My name is", name, "and I live in", city)

# Number variables

age = 25

height = 5.9

print(f"I am {age} years old and {height} feet tall")

# Boolean variables

is_student = True

has_job = False

print("Student status:", is_student)

print("Employment status:", has_job)

Python Data Types:

1. String (str): Text data enclosed in quotes

2. Integer (int): Whole numbers

3. Float: Decimal numbers

4. Boolean (bool): True or False values

5. List: Ordered collection of items

6. Dictionary: Key-value pairs

Variable Naming Rules:

• Must start with a letter or underscore

• Can contain letters, numbers, and underscores

• Cannot use Python keywords (like if, for, while)

• Case-sensitive: age and Age are different

Exercise: Create variables for your personal information (name, age, favorite color, etc.) and display them using print statements.

Lesson 2.2: Numbers & Mathematical Operations

Python can perform various mathematical operations, making it useful for calculations and data analysis.

Arithmetic Operators:

# Basic arithmetic

a = 10

b = 3

print("Addition:", a + b) # 13

print("Subtraction:", a - b) # 7

print("Multiplication:", a * b) # 30

print("Division:", a / b) # 3.333...

print("Integer Division:", a // b) # 3

print("Modulus (remainder):", a % b) # 1

print("Exponentiation:", a ** b) # 1000

Order of Operations:

Python follows the mathematical order of operations (PEMDAS):

1. Parentheses

2. Exponents

3. Multiplication and Division (left to right)

4. Addition and Subtraction (left to right)

# Order of operations examples

result1 = 2 + 3 * 4 # 14 (not 20)

result2 = (2 + 3) * 4 # 20

result3 = 2 ** 3 * 4 # 32 (8 * 4)

Exercise: Create a simple calculator that takes two numbers and performs all arithmetic operations.

Lesson 2.3: Strings & Text Processing

Strings are sequences of characters used to represent text. Python provides powerful tools for working with strings

String Basics:

# Creating strings

first_name = "John"

last_name = 'Doe' # Single or double quotes both work

full_name = first_name + " " + last_name # String concatenation

# String formatting

age = 25

message = f"Hello, I'm {full_name} and I'm {age} years old"

print(message)

Common String Methods:

text = "Python Programming"

print(text.upper()) # PYTHON PROGRAMMING

print(text.lower()) # python programming

print(text.title()) # Python Programming

print(len(text)) # 18 (length of string)

print(text.replace("Python", "Java")) # Java Programming

print(text.split()) # ['Python', 'Programming']

String Indexing and Slicing:

word = "Python"

print(word) # P (first character)

print(word[-1]) # n (last character)

print(word[1:4]) # yth (characters 1 to 3)

print(word[:3]) # Pyt (first 3 characters)

print(word[3:]) # hon (from index 3 to end)

Exercise: Create a program that takes a user's full name and displays it in different formats (uppercase, lowercase, initials only).

Lesson 2.4: Input & Output Operations

Interaction with users is essential for creating useful programs. Python's input() function allows you to get data from users.

Getting User Input:

# Basic input

name = input("Enter your name: ")

print("Hello,", name)

# Converting input to numbers

age_str = input("Enter your age: ")

age = int(age_str) # Convert string to integer

print(f"You are {age} years old")

# Direct conversion

height = float(input("Enter your height in feet: "))

print(f"Your height is {height} feet")

Advanced Output Formatting:

name = "Alice"

age = 30

salary = 50000.75

# Using f-strings (recommended)

print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}, Salary: ${salary:.2f}")

# Using format() method

print("Name: {}, Age: {}, Salary: ${:.2f}".format(name, age, salary))

# Using % formatting (older method)

print("Name: %s, Age: %d, Salary: $%.2f" % (name, age, salary))

Exercise: Create a program that collects user information (name, age, city) and displays a personalized welcome message.

Lesson 2.5: Comments & Documentation

Comments are essential for making your code readable and maintainable. They explain what your code does without affecting its execution.

Types of Comments:

# This is a single-line comment

print("Hello, World!") # Comment at end of line

"""

This is a multi-line comment

(also called a docstring when used

to document functions and classes)

"""

'''

You can also use triple single quotes

for multi-line comments

'''

def calculate_area(length, width):

"""

Calculate the area of a rectangle.

Args:

length (float): The length of the rectangle

width (float): The width of the rectangle

Returns:

float: The area of the rectangle

"""

return length * width

Best Practices for Comments:

1. Explain Why, Not What: Good comments explain the reasoning behind code

2. Keep Comments Updated: Update comments when you change code

3. Use Meaningful Variable Names: Good names reduce the need for comments

4. Document Functions: Use docstrings to explain what functions do

Module 3: Control Flow & Decision Making

Lesson 3.1: Conditional Statements (if/elif/else)

Conditional statements allow your programs to make decisions based on different conditions.

Basic if Statement:

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

if age >= 18:

print("You are an adult!")

if age >= 65:

print("You qualify for senior discounts.")

elif age >= 21:

print("You can vote and drink legally.")

else:

print("You can vote!")

else:

print("You are a minor.")

years_left = 18 - age

print(f"You will be an adult in {years_left} years.")

Multiple Conditions:

temperature = float(input("Enter temperature in Fahrenheit: "))

if temperature > 90:

print("It's very hot outside!")

elif temperature > 70:

print("It's warm and pleasant.")

elif temperature > 50:

print("It's cool outside.")

elif temperature > 32:

print("It's cold outside.")

else:

print("It's freezing!")

Lesson 3.2: Comparison & Logical Operators

Comparison Operators:

a = 10

b = 5

print(a == b) # False (equal to)

print(a != b) # True (not equal to)

print(a > b) # True (greater than)

print(a < b) # False (less than)

print(a >= b) # True (greater than or equal)

print(a <= b) # False (less than or equal)

Logical Operators:

age = 25

has_license = True

has_car = False

# AND operator

if age >= 18 and has_license:

print("You can drive!")

# OR operator

if has_car or has_license:

print("You have some form of transportation!")

# NOT operator

if not has_car:

print("You need to get a car or use public transport.")

Lesson 3.3: Loops: for and while

Loops allow you to repeat code multiple times, making your programs more efficient.

For Loops:

# Loop through a range of numbers

for i in range(5):

print(f"Count: {i}")

# Loop through a list

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

for fruit in fruits:

print(f"I like {fruit}")

# Loop through a string

word = "Python"

for letter in word:

print(letter)

While Loops:

# Count from 1 to 5

count = 1

while count <= 5:

print(f"Count: {count}")

count += 1

# User input validation

password = ""

while password != "secret":

password = input("Enter password: ")

if password != "secret":

print("Incorrect password, try again!")

print("Access granted!")

Lesson 3.4: Loop Control: break and continue

Break Statement:

# Exit loop when specific condition is met

for i in range(10):

if i == 5:

break # Exit the loop

print(i)

# Prints: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

Continue Statement:

# Skip current iteration and continue with next

for i in range(10):

if i % 2 == 0: # If number is even

continue # Skip to next iteration

print(i)

# Prints: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 (odd numbers only)

Module 4: Data Structures

Lesson 4.1: Lists: Creation & Manipulation

Lists are ordered collections that can store multiple items of different data types.

Creating and Using Lists:

# Creating lists

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange", "grape"]

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

mixed_list = ["Python", 3.14, True, 42]

print("Original list:", fruits)

# Adding items

fruits.append("strawberry") # Add to end

fruits.insert(1, "mango") # Insert at specific position

print("After adding items:", fruits)

# Removing items

fruits.remove("banana") # Remove by value

last_fruit = fruits.pop() # Remove and return last item

print("After removing items:", fruits)

print("Removed fruit:", last_fruit)

# Accessing items

print("First fruit:", fruits[0])

print("Last fruit:", fruits[-1])

print("Middle fruits:", fruits[1:3])

List Methods and Operations:

numbers = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6]

print("Original:", numbers)

print("Length:", len(numbers))

print("Maximum:", max(numbers))

print("Minimum:", min(numbers))

print("Sum:", sum(numbers))

# Sorting

numbers.sort()

print("Sorted:", numbers)

# Counting and finding

print("Count of 1:", numbers.count(1))

print("Index of 4:", numbers.index(4))

Lesson 4.2: Dictionaries: Key-Value Pairs

Dictionaries store data in key-value pairs, allowing you to organize and access information efficiently.

# Creating dictionaries

student = {

"name": "Alice Johnson",

"age": 20,

"major": "Computer Science",

"gpa": 3.8,

"courses": ["Python", "Math", "Physics"]

}

# Accessing values

print("Student name:", student["name"])

print("Student GPA:", student.get("gpa"))

# Adding and modifying

student["email"] = "alice@university.edu"

student["age"] = 21

# Looping through dictionaries

for key, value in student.items():

print(f"{key}: {value}")

# Dictionary methods

print("Keys:", list(student.keys()))

print("Values:", list(student.values()))

Lesson 4.3: Tuples & Sets

Tuples (Immutable sequences):

# Creating tuples

coordinates = (10, 20)

person = ("John", "Doe", 30, "Engineer")

# Accessing tuple elements

print("X coordinate:", coordinates[0])

print("Y coordinate:", coordinates[1])

# Tuple unpacking

x, y = coordinates

first_name, last_name, age, job = person

print(f"{first_name} {last_name} is {age} years old")

Sets (Unique collections):

# Creating sets

fruits = {"apple", "banana", "orange", "apple"} # Duplicates removed

print("Fruits set:", fruits)

# Set operations

set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

print("Union:", set1 | set2) # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

print("Intersection:", set1 & set2) # {4, 5}

print("Difference:", set1 - set2) # {1, 2, 3}

Module 5: Functions & Modular Programming

Lesson 5.1: Defining Functions

Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks. They help organize your code and avoid repetition.

def greet_user(name, age):

"""Function to greet a user with their name and age"""

greeting = f"Hello {name}! You are {age} years old."

return greeting

def calculate_area(length, width):

"""Calculate area of a rectangle"""

area = length * width

return area

# Using the functions

user_name = input("Enter your name: ")

user_age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

message = greet_user(user_name, user_age)

print(message)

# Calculate area

l = float(input("Enter length: "))

w = float(input("Enter width: "))

result = calculate_area(l, w)

print(f"The area is: {result}")

Lesson 5.2: Parameters & Arguments

Different Types of Parameters:

def create_profile(name, age, city="Unknown", country="USA"):

"""Create user profile with default values"""

profile = {

"name": name,

"age": age,

"city": city,

"country": country

}

return profile

# Different ways to call the function

profile1 = create_profile("Alice", 25)

profile2 = create_profile("Bob", 30, "New York")

profile3 = create_profile("Charlie", 35, city="Boston", country="USA")

# Variable-length arguments

def calculate_average(*numbers):

"""Calculate average of any number of arguments"""

if numbers:

return sum(numbers) / len(numbers)

return 0

avg1 = calculate_average(10, 20, 30)

avg2 = calculate_average(5, 15, 25, 35, 45)

Module 6: File Handling & Error Management

Lesson 6.1: Reading & Writing Files

File handling allows your programs to store and retrieve data permanently.

# Writing to a file

student_data = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "Diana"]

# Write student names to file

with open("students.txt", "w") as file:

file.write("Student List:\n")

for student in student_data:

file.write(f"- {student}\n")

print("Data written to students.txt")

# Reading from a file

try:

with open("students.txt", "r") as file:

content = file.read()

print("File contents:")

print(content)

except FileNotFoundError:

print("File not found! Please create the file first.")

# Working with CSV files

import csv

# Writing CSV

students = [

["Name", "Age", "Grade"],

["Alice", 18, "A"],

["Bob", 19, "B+"],

["Charlie", 18, "A-"]

]

with open("grades.csv", "w", newline="") as file:

writer = csv.writer(file)

writer.writerows(students)

# Reading CSV

with open("grades.csv", "r") as file:

reader = csv.reader(file)

for row in reader:

print(", ".join(row))

Lesson 6.2: Exception Handling

Exception handling allows your programs to deal with errors gracefully.

# Basic try-except

try:

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

result = 100 / number

print(f"Result: {result}")

except ValueError:

print("Please enter a valid number!")

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("Cannot divide by zero!")

# Multiple exceptions and finally

def safe_file_read(filename):

try:

with open(filename, "r") as file:

content = file.read()

return content

except FileNotFoundError:

print(f"File '{filename}' not found.")

return None

except PermissionError:

print(f"Permission denied to read '{filename}'.")

return None

finally:

print("File operation completed.")

# Using the function

content = safe_file_read("example.txt")

if content:

print("File content:", content)

Module 7: Object-Oriented Programming

Lesson 7.1: Introduction to Classes

Classes are blueprints for creating objects. They allow you to group related data and functions together.

class Student:

"""A class to represent a student"""

def init(self, name, age, student_id):

"""Initialize a new student"""

self.name = name

self.age = age

self.student_id = student_id

self.grades = []

self.enrolled = True

def add_grade(self, subject, grade):

"""Add a grade for a subject"""

self.grades.append({"subject": subject, "grade": grade})

def get_average_grade(self):

"""Calculate average grade"""

if not self.grades:

return 0

total = sum(item["grade"] for item in self.grades)

return total / len(self.grades)

def display_info(self):

"""Display student information"""

print(f"Name: {self.name}")

print(f"Age: {self.age}")

print(f"Student ID: {self.student_id}")

print(f"Average Grade: {self.get_average_grade():.2f}")

print(f"Enrolled: {self.enrolled}")

# Creating and using objects

student1 = Student("Alice Johnson", 20, "S001")

student1.add_grade("Math", 85)

student1.add_grade("Python", 92)

student1.add_grade("Physics", 78)

student1.display_info()

Module 8: Libraries & External Modules

Lesson 8.1: Importing Modules

Python's power comes from its extensive library ecosystem. Learn how to use existing modules and create your own.

# Standard library imports

import math

import random

import datetime

# Using math module

radius = 5

area = math.pi * radius * 2

print(f"Area of circle: {area:.2f}")

# Using random module

print("Random number:", random.randint(1, 100))

print("Random choice:", random.choice(["apple", "banana", "orange"]))

# Using datetime module

now = datetime.datetime.now()

print(f"Current date and time: {now}")

# Specific imports

from math import sqrt, pow

print("Square root of 16:", sqrt(16))

print("2 to the power of 8:", pow(2, 8))

Lesson 8.2: Popular Libraries Overview

# Working with requests (for web APIs)
# First install: pip install requests
try:
import requests
response = requests.get("https://api.github.com/users/octocat")
if response.status_code == 200:
user_data = response.json()
print(f"GitHub user: {user_data['name']}")
except ImportError:
print("Requests library not installed. Install with: pip install requests")

# Working with pandas (for data analysis)
# First install: pip install pandas
try:
import pandas as pd
data = {
"Name": ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"],
"Age": [25, 30, 35],
"City": ["New York", "London", "Tokyo"]
}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df)
except ImportError:
print("Pandas library not installed. Install with: pip install pandas")

Module 9: Hands-On Projects

Project 1: Simple Calculator

class Calculator:
"""A simple calculator class"""

def add(self, a, b):
return a + b

def subtract(self, a, b):
return a - b

def multiply(self, a, b):
return a * b

def divide(self, a, b):
if b == 0:
return "Error: Division by zero!"
return a / b
def main():
calc = Calculator()

while True:
print("\n=== Simple Calculator ===")
print("1. Addition")
print("2. Subtraction")
print("3. Multiplication")
print("4. Division")
print("5. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice (1-5): ")
if choice == '5':
print("Thank you for using the calculator!")
break

if choice in ['1', '2', '3', '4']:
try:
num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))

if choice == '1':
result = calc.add(num1, num2)
elif choice == '2':
result = calc.subtract(num1, num2)
elif choice == '3':
result = calc.multiply(num1, num2)
else:
result = calc.divide(num1, num2)
print(f"Result: {result}")

except ValueError:
print("Please enter valid numbers!")
else:
print("Invalid choice! Please try again.")
if name == "__main__":
main()

Project 2: Number Guessing Game

import random

class NumberGuessingGame:
"""A number guessing game"""

def init(self, min_num=1, max_num=100):
self.min_num = min_num
self.max_num = max_num
self.secret_number = random.randint(min_num, max_num)
self.attempts = 0
self.max_attempts = 7
def play(self):
print(f"\n🎯 Welcome to the Number Guessing Game!")
print(f"I'm thinking of a number between {self.min_num} and {self.max_num}")
print(f"You have {self.max_attempts} attempts to guess it!")

while self.attempts < self.max_attempts:
try:
guess = int(input(f"\nAttempt {self.attempts + 1}: Enter your guess: ")) self.attempts += 1
if guess < self.min_num or guess > self.max_num:
print(f"Please guess between {self.min_num} and {self.max_num}") continue

if guess == self.secret_number:
print(f"🎉 Congratulations! You guessed it in {self.attempts} attempts!") return True
elif guess < self.secret_number:
print("Too low! Try a higher number.")
else:
print("Too high! Try a lower number.")

remaining = self.max_attempts - self.attempts
if remaining > 0:
print(f"You have {remaining} attempts left.")

except ValueError:
print("Please enter a valid number!")

print(f"\n💔 Game Over! The number was {self.secret_number}") return False

# Run the game
if name == "__main__":
while True:
game = NumberGuessingGame()
game.play()
play_again = input("\nDo you want to play again? (y/n): ").lower()
if play_again != 'y':
print("Thanks for playing! Goodbye!")
break

Project 3: To-Do List Manager

import json
from datetime import datetime

class TodoManager:
"""A simple to-do list manager"""

def init(self, filename="todos.json"):
self.filename = filename
self.todos = self.load_todos()

def load_todos(self):
"""Load todos from file"""
try:
with open(self.filename, 'r') as file:
return json.load(file)

except FileNotFoundError:
return []
def save_todos(self):
"""Save todos to file"""
with open(self.filename, 'w') as file:
json.dump(self.todos, file, indent=2)
def add_todo(self, task, priority="medium"):
"""Add a new todo item"""
todo = {
"id": len(self.todos) + 1,
"task": task,
"priority": priority,
"completed": False,
"created": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
}
self.todos.append(todo)
self.save_todos()
print(f"✅ Added: {task}")

def view_todos(self):
"""Display all todos"""
if not self.todos:
print("📝 No todos found!")
return

print("\n📋 Your To-Do List:")
print("-" * 50)

for todo in self.todos:
status = "✓" if todo["completed"] else "○" priority_symbols = {"high": "🔴", "medium": "🟡", "low": "🟢"}
priority_symbol = priority_symbols.get(todo["priority"], "⚪")
print(f"{status} [{todo['id']}] {priority_symbol} {todo['task']}")

def complete_todo(self, todo_id):
"""Mark a todo as completed"""
for todo in self.todos:
if todo["id"] == todo_id:
todo["completed"] = True
self.save_todos()
print(f"✅ Completed: {todo['task']}")
return
print("Todo not found!")

def delete_todo(self, todo_id):
"""Delete a todo"""
for i, todo in enumerate(self.todos):
if todo["id"] == todo_id:
deleted_task = self.todos.pop(i)
self.save_todos()
print(f"🗑️ Deleted: {deleted_task['task']}")
return
print("Todo not found!")
def main():
todo_manager = TodoManager()

while True:
print("\n=== 📝 To-Do List Manager ===")
print("1. View todos")
print("2. Add todo")
print("3. Complete todo")
print("4. Delete todo")
print("5. Exit")

choice = input("\nEnter your choice (1-5): ")

if choice == '1':
todo_manager.view_todos()
elif choice == '2':
task = input("Enter task: ")
priority = input("Priority (high/medium/low) [default: medium]: ").lower()
if priority not in ['high', 'medium', 'low']:
priority = 'medium'
todo_manager.add_todo(task, priority)

elif choice == '3':
todo_manager.view_todos()
try:
todo_id = int(input("Enter todo ID to complete: "))
todo_manager.complete_todo(todo_id)
except ValueError:
print("Please enter a valid ID!")

elif choice == '4':
todo_manager.view_todos()
try:
todo_id = int(input("Enter todo ID to delete: "))
todo_manager.delete_todo(todo_id)
except ValueError:
print("Please enter a valid ID!")

elif choice == '5':
print("👋 Goodbye!")
break
else:
print("Invalid choice! Please try again.")
if name == "__main__":
main()

Module 10: Next Steps & Career Paths

Lesson 10.1: Web Development with Flask/Django

Python offers powerful frameworks for web development:

Flask Example (Microframework):

from flask import Flask, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
return '<h1>Welcome to my Python web app!</h1>'

@app.route('/about')
def about():
return '<h1>About Us</h1><p>This is a simple Flask application.</p>'

if name == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)

Django Overview:

• Full-featured web framework

• Built-in admin interface

• ORM for database operations

• Template system

• URL routing

• User authentication

Lesson 10.2: Data Science & Machine Learning

Python is the leading language for data science:

# Data Science with pandas
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Sample data analysis
data = {
'name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'Diana'],
'age': [25, 30, 35, 28],
'salary': [50000, 60000, 70000, 55000]
}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df.describe())

# Simple visualization
plt.bar(df['name'], df['salary'])
plt.title('Employee Salaries')
plt.xlabel('Name')
plt.ylabel('Salary')
plt.show()

Machine Learning Libraries:

• scikit-learn: Machine learning algorithms

• TensorFlow/PyTorch: Deep learning

• pandas: Data manipulation

• NumPy: Numerical computing

• matplotlib/seaborn: Data visualization

Lesson 10.3: Career Opportunities & Resources

Career Paths:

1. Web Developer: Build websites and web applications

2. Data Scientist: Analyze data and build predictive models

3. Software Engineer: Develop software applications

4. DevOps Engineer: Automate deployment and infrastructure

5. AI/ML Engineer: Build artificial intelligence systems

6. Cybersecurity Specialist: Develop security tools and systems

Recommended Learning Resources:

1. Official Python Documentation: python.org

2. Real Python: realpython.com

3. Python.org Tutorial: docs.python.org/tutorial

4. Codecademy Python Course: codecademy.com

5. Python Package Index (PyPI): pypi.org

Practice Platforms:

1. LeetCode: Algorithm problems

2. HackerRank: Programming challenges

3. Codewars: Coding kata

4. Project Euler: Mathematical problems

5. GitHub: Open source contributions

🎉 Ready to Test Your Knowledge?

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